The effective management of any type of water body requires comprehensive, up-to-date data on its physical, chemical, and biological quality. The long-term monitoring system (LTMS) is an integrated solution for monitoring environmental indicators via satellite using Earth Observation techniques and relevant satellite imagery processing/classification, and for preparing meta-information, presented on the client’s graphical user interface (GUI). It allows for high-frequency (i.e., more than once per month) screening of a water body, without the need for field visits.
Technological infrastructure
A PC and the LTMS client application software, which can also be installed remotely if necessary.
Training
A basic knowledge of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is required. A training session may be useful to learn the use of the software, which is very user friendly.
Investment
The system does not require any maintenance.
Concept
The LTMS allows measuring environmental indicators of water quality (i.e., Chlorophyll-a, NO3, NH4, phosphorus, pH, and dissolved oxygen) by using Optical and SyntheticAperture Radar (SAR) sensor imagery and data. The LTMS is an important complement to traditional monitoring, as it provides a depiction of trends for water quality-related parameters. It can detect degraded and potentially sensitive areas, such as one-time and diffused sources of pollution.
Recommended implementation frequency
The selected satellite (Landsat 8) passes over the pilot area three times per month, assuming no weather constraints. The images are selected and processed using a pre-set algorithm. Then, the final result is stored in the server and the Protected Area Management Body receives the final image.
Cloudy meteorological conditions may negatively affect the clarity of the pictures retrieved by the satellite. A potential drawback lies in the shallowness of the lake. Calibration with field measurements and grading parameters into standardised classes may be useful to offset drawbacks and improve data quality.
Quantitative results
The LTMS is able to capture monthly and annual trends, and is able to monitor entire water bodies at 30 x 30 pixel resolution.
Transfer potential
The LTMS can be easily used to monitor water quality in any other bodies of water across the Mediterranean. The following recommendations apply:
Pilot sites
Eco-development Area of KarlaMavrovouni-Kefalovrisi-Velestino (Greece)
Project contact: EcoSUSTAIN
Links of interest
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